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Background: It was reported that intermittent fasting has several health benefits. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the hemodynamic variations associated with Ramadan fasting among Saudi Stroke patients. Methodology: Information referring to 61 stroke patients were retrospectively retrieved from King Khalid hospital, Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia. Data relating to patients attended during the period from April 2019 to June 2019. The sample involved two months (Shaban and Ramadan) a full coverage sample. Results: Out of 61 study subjects, 26 patients were fasting during stroke happening and 35 patients were non-fasting. Out of the 61 patients, 35 (57.4%) were females and 26 (42.6%) were males. With the fasting month, hypertension was co-occurrence in 23/49 (47%) fasting patients, hence, it occurred in 26/49 (53%) among non-fasting patients, the risk of hypertension during Ramadan compared to nonfasting month; the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI): RR (95%CI)=1.1908 (0.9374 to 1.5128). Conclusion: Ramadan Fasting has some beneficial effects influencing stroke including incidence and severity reduction. Stroke associated hemodynamic variants, which were more apparent among women, were perceived to decline during fasting.
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Background: The impact of childhood abuse and neglect may remain beyond adulthood. This study aimed to assess Saudi parent’s perceptions towards some child abuse and neglect related factors. Methodology: This was a descriptive study involved a cross-sectional survey of 400 Saudi parents. The sample was collected during Feb 2019 to Feb 2020. All responded parents were at the age of 20 years or older. Results: When manipulating parent’s gender and perception towards child abuse associated factors, fathers were more aware of child abuse and neglect related factors than mothers. Conclusion: Saudi parent’s perceptions towards child abuse and neglect related factors are high. Mothers, particularly younger ones need more efforts to improve their awareness towards some child abuse and neglect related factors.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to appraise the association between Physical Activity and T2DM, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and other comorbidities in a series of Saudi volunteers. Methodology: The present study investigated 304 healthy Saudi volunteers for reported chronic illness and the status of physical activity. Results: Out of the 144 individuals, 62/144 (43%) were males and 82/144 (57%) were females. About 64/304 (21%), 75/304 (24.7%), and 21/304 (7%) of the participants practicing physical activity for one hour, 2-5 hours, and ≥ 6 hours, in this order. Conclusion: PA rates are relatively lower among Saudi people in Northern Saudi Arabia. PA was found to be an effective factor in reducing diverse comorbidities including hypertension, T2DM, hypercholesterolemia, CVDs, asthma, and other comorbidities.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency represents a major health problem in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Knowledge and attitude towards vitamin D deficiency in Ha’il Region (Northern Saudi Arabia). Methodology: A total of 500 Saudi volunteers living in the city of Ha’il and surrounding towns were included during the period from January 2020 to March 2020. Adults aged 15 years or older were randomly selected regardless of gender, occupation or marital status. Results: Out of the 500 study subjects, 214 (42.8%) did previous vitamin D testing (72/207 (34.8%) males and 142/293 (48.5%) were females). Females were significantly better for testing their vitamin D status than males (p=0.0032). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Ha’il Region. Although there is a relatively higher awareness level towards vitamin D sources, vitamin D testing, as well as knowledge about vitamin D deficiency-related disorders are poor among Saudi living in Ha’il Region.
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Background: As adjusting the treatment dose for hypothyroidism based on several factors requiring continuousrigorous assessment, the current study aimed to assess of Saudi people’s knowledge about hypothyroidismtreatment usage. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, piloted in Hail Region, Northern Saudi Arabia. Inthis study, 900 respondents were randomly involved in the study irrespective of their age, sex, or otherdemographical characteristics. Results: The present study investigated 900 participants of whom 272/900(30.2%)were patients with hypothyroidism. Of the 900 participants, 730/900 (81%) were females and 170/900 (19%) weremales, giving males’ females’ ration of 1.00: 4.29. of the 272 patients with hypothyroidism, 250/730 (34%) werefemales and 22/170 (13%) were males. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is prevalent in Northern Saudi Arabia.Raising community awareness towards hypothyroidism is essential for better control of the diseases. Healthcareproviders should inspire their patients to adjust the treatment does as prescribed without cessation.
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Background: Stroke is a significant health problem worldwide. There is a limited literature regarding stroke inSaudi Arabia. The aim of this work was to estimate the stroke associated comorbidities in Saudi Arabia.Methodology: In this study, data regarding stroke was collected from the King Khalid Hospital-cardiac Centre,Hail Region, Saudi Arabia. In the present study, about 1187 (92%) of the patients had ischemic stroke and 103(8%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension was detected in 43.3% of the patients (39.8% were males and 48.2%were females). Diabetes was identified in 42.8% of the patients (40% were males and 47% were females).Dyslipidemia was noticed in 14.7% of the patients (14.5% were males and 15% were females). Conclusion: Thereis fluctuation in the incidence rates in stroke in Hail region. The most prevalent stroke type was ischemic typewith the men more affected than females. Hypertension, Diabetes, and dyslipidemia were the most comorbidconditions associated with stroke in Hail region.
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Background: Post-tonsillectomy bleeding is a commonly encountered problem due to several risk factors. This study aimed to assess the burden of post-tonsillectomy bleeding and its possible hematological risk factors in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a retrospective study involved a series of 311 patients who attended with evidencebased indications of tonsillectomy and subsequently underwent surgical removal of the tonsils, with or without adenoidectomy (adeno/tonsillectomy). All of the patients underwent bipolar diathermy surgical techniques. Results: Out of the 311 patients, 67.5% underwent tonsillectomy and 32.5% underwent adenotonsillectomy. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding was experienced in 5.8% patients, 6.9% were males and 4% were females. The males’ risk (relative risk (RR)) of Post-tonsillectomy bleeding and the 95% confidence interval 95% CI): RR (95% CI)=1.7011 (0.6220 to 4.6521), p=0.3007. Conclusion: The prevalence of post-tonsillectomy bleeding is relatively higher in Saudi Arabia than the reported values in most studies. Factors such as post-operative infection, use of bipolar diathermy technique, and pain might be incriminated in the reported cases of postoperative bleeding in the current study.
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Background: Implementing early detection’s sustainable programs of breast cancer is fundamental for better disease management. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the insight of Saudi women towards Breast self-examination (BSE) in Qurayyat, Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This descriptive study included 620 Saudi volunteers living in the city of Qurayyat, Northern Saudi Arabia. Women who denied to participate in the breast self-examination workshop were included for perception assessment. Results: A previous BSE was experienced by 217/620 (35%). “Previous knowledge about BSE”, (response=536) good knowledge 217 (40%), poor knowledge 208 (39%), know nothing 111 (21%). Conclusion: There is relatively lower knowledge regarding BSE and its related factors in Northern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Northern women have positive attitudes towards health education and training on BSE.
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Background: Thyroid disorders represent a major problem in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the northern part of the country. The objective of the current study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of CK19, CD56, and Gal-3 in a series of Saudi patients with thyroid carcinoma in Northern Saudi Arabia (Hail) region. Methodology: This is a retrospective study, investigated 50 formalin-fixed paraffin wax tissue blocks with a confirmed diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma from Northern Saudi Arabia. Immunohistochemistry demonstration was for CK19, CD56, and Gal-3 markers applying Avidin-Biotin method. Results: Out of the 50 patients, 45(90%) were females and 5(10%) were males, aged 13-70 years old with a mean age of 43 years. CK19 was positively expressed in 74% of the thyroid carcinoma. Positive CD56 expression was demonstrated in 45.7%, 58.3%, and 100% of the papillary, follicular and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, correspondingly. Positive Galectin-3 expression was demonstrated in 71.4%, 58.3%, and 100% of the papillary, follicular and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, correspondingly. Conclusion: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid cancer in Northern Saudi Arabia. Females represent more than 90% of the cases of the thyroid carcinoma in Northern Saudi Arabia. CK19, CD56, and Gal-3 are useful for the assessment of thyroid carcinoma.
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the association of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with demographical and economic factors in Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Data about IBS was obtained from 946 Saudi volunteers. IBS was ascertained using Rome IV criteria. Each questionnaire was filled by a medical student during an active interview. Results: The prevalence rates of IBS with continuous symptoms and intermittent symptoms were 12% and 34%, respectively. IBS was significantly predominant among females (RR (95% CI)=1.1775(1.0182 to 1.3618), p=0.0276). IBS was significantly among relatively younger adults (21-40 years) (RR (95% CI)=1.6203 (1.3425 to 1.9556), p<0.0001). Conclusion: IBS associated symptoms are prevalent in Northern Saudi Arabia. IBS was significantly associated with females’ gender and younger age.
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The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing each year worldwide due to the increase of its etiological factors. Several conditions have been linked to the evolution of the CKD including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, overweight/obesity, etc. CKD can lead to more harmful conditions such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CKD starts with mild kidney damage as stage 1 and progress without treatment to stage 5 (end-stage CKD), which eventually results in kidney failure. The epidemiology of the CKD depends strongly on socio-economic status and comorbidities. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the common etiological factors in Saudi Arabia in light of the available literature from Saudi Arabia. The review mainly focused on the studies devoted to the CKD from Saudi Arabia published up to March 2019. The studies were identified through searches of the Medline database, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using the keywords: chronic kidney disease with DM, hypertension, obesity, glomerulonephritis, nephritis, renal failure, and Saudi Arabia. Only papers in the English language were included.
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Background: Pediatric inguinal hernia is one of the frequent causes of childhood morbidity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia in pediatric patients aged ≤ 12 months, in Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: In the present study, records of a series of 90 pediatric patients (aged ≤ 12 months) were presented with inguinal hernia and have subsequently undergone inguinal hernia repair. Results: About 2/30 (6.6%) with left side hernia were found with subsequent right side metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH) occurrence. One out of the two 1/2 (50%) was found at the age of 2 months, the other one 1/2 (50%) was at the age of 6 months. The 3/54 (5.5%) with right inguinal hernia developed a contralateral hernia, of whom 2/3 (66.6%) were found at the age of 12 months, and one 1/3 (33.3%) was at the age of 2 months. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that there is a relatively higher incidence of contralateral inguinal hernia if the initial presentation was on the left side, which necessitates a close follow up for those patients; however, there is not enough evidence to support routine exploration of the contralateral groin surgically.
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the patterns of leukemia in Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in King Khalid hospital, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) including records of leukemia from 2008 to 2016. Results: The overall Crude Incidence Rate (CIR) of leukemia was 7.45 per 100.000 person-year, including patients diagnosed with different patterns of leukemia in Northern Saudi Arabia. The mean age of patients was 45.4 years with a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 107 years old. Around 43 (59%) were males and 30 (41%) were females. Conclusion: The incidence rates of leukemia are relatively higher in Northern Saudi Arabia, with an increase of all subtype.
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Background: CKD is prevalent in most parts of the world. CKD can be prevented and controlled by controlling its underlinecauses. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge and perception toward CKD preventionand control in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This was a prospective descriptive study which included 783 apparently healthySaudi volunteers, their ages ranged from 20 to 65 years with the mean age of 37 years. A purposeful questionnaire wasdesigned and used for obtaining data about the CKD. Results: Out of 783 contributors, 232(29.6%) were males and551(70.4%) were females, giving males' females' ratio of 1.00: 2.37. On asking the participants the question of “whethercontinuous doing renal function test for at risk individuals can reduce the burden of CKD,” about 85% agreed, and 15%disagreed. On asking the participants the question of “whether controlling HTN can reduce the burden of CKD,” about30.6% agreed and 69.3% disagreed. On asking the participants the question of “whether controlling DM can reduce theburden of CKD,” about 54.7% agreed and 45.3% disagreed. Conclusion: There was a relatively high positive attitude andknowledge toward CKD prevention and control among the educated Saudi population. Further efforts to promote healthknowledge, particularly among less educated section has been needed in order to increase the chances of CKD preventionand control.
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Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency despite advances in radiographic imaging and diagnostic laboratory investigations; the diagnosis of acute appendicitis remains challenge. To evaluate the C-reactive protein in patients with acute appendicitis. This cross sectional descriptive study of six months study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. All the patients with acute appendicitis were admitted in the ward and were further evaluated for C-reactive protein. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated. One hundred subjects with acute appendicitis were recruited and studies. The mean age +/-SD of the patients was 27.83 +/-07.52 in overall population while it was 29.73 +/-06.64 and 25.84 +/- 04.92 in male and female subjects with acute appendicitis. The CRP was raised in 60% patients. The distribution of age in relation to gender and CRP was statisitically significant [p= 0.01 and <0.01] whereas the CRP was also observed as statistically significant in context to gender and histopathology [p= 0.02 and 0.03] respectively. The mean +/- SD of CRP was 7.53 +/-1.52 in overall population while it was 6.84 +/- 1.64 and 8.65 +/-1.53 in male and female patients with raised CRP. The CRP was elevated in patients with acute appendicitis
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Humans , Male , Female , Appendicitis , Acute Disease , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Snake bites are increasing amongst those who unlawfully keep snakes as pets worldwide. The rural population active in agricultural works, laborers, herders, professional snake h and lers, trekkers, snake charmers and fishermen are at risk for snake bites. Objectives: To determine the frequency and pattern of vasculotoxic effects in patients with snake bite. Design: Case Study. Period: Six Months Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and methods: All the patients who initially present in casualty department of hospital with the history of snake bite were enrolled in the study. The vasculotoxic effects were evaluated by whole blood clotting time [WBCT] test, bleeding time, PT/APTT, hypofibrinogemia, DIC and thrombocytopenia. Relevant information would be entered in specifically designed proforma for this study. The data was entered, saved and analyzed in SPSS. So no test of significance would be applied. Results: Out of 140 patients 112[80%] had vasculotoxic effects, of which 80[72%] were males and 32[28%] were females. The mean age +/-SD of the overall patients was 37.53+/-8.72 whereas the mean age +/-SD of male and female population was 38.98+/-7.44 and 34.88+/-4.32 respectively. The systemic bleeding was observed in 99% patients, the fang marks in 94 patients, the prolonged bleeding time, WBCT and PT/APTT in 103, 96 and 101 patients, thrombocytopenia in 93 patients, hypofibrinogemia in 81 patients and DIC in 76 patients. The hamaturia [22%], hamoptysis[16%] and hametemesis [11%] was predominant features. The gangrene was observed in 02 patients, vomiting was observed in 60% of patients had haematemesis in 11%, bleeding gums in 03 cases and haemoptysis in 16%. Renal failure was observed in 12 cases. Conclusions: The coagulation tests disturbed as venom increases the clotting time. Proteins digesting enzymes or thrombin like activity of venom may be one of the causes for prolongation coagulation tests [vasculotoxic effects]
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Parasitic infections lead to burden of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Surgeons practicing in the tropics are familiar with the parasitic disorders. Objectives:To determine the role of surgery in parasitic infestations of Echinococcus granulosus and Ascaris lumbricoides. Design: Cross sectional case series study. Period: Two years. Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and methods: All the patients with Echinococcus granulosus and Ascaris lumbricoides were admitted in the ward and were observed for different manifestations and surgical procedures aimed to cure the echinococcosis and ascariasis infestation. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated. Results: During two years study period, total sixty cases of parasitic infestations [50 cases of Echinococcus granulosis and 10 cases of Ascaris Lumbricoides] were detected at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. The hydatid cysts was more common in the age group of 30-39 years while the mean age +/- SD in overall patients with Echinococcus granulosis infestation was 38.74+/-7.84 whereas it was 35.87+/-8.64 and 40.43+/-6.73 in male and female population respectively. The Ascaris Lumbricoides was more common in the age group of 15-20 years while the mean age +/- SD in overall patients with Ascaris lumbricoides infestation was 16.62+/-5.21 whereas it was 15.42+/-7.31 and 16.43+/-5.41 in male and female population respectively. Among 47 surgically treated cases of echinococcus, the approach used were cyst evacuation and tube drainage in 40 patients, total cystopericystectomy in 04 patients and laparoscopically in 03 subjects accordingly. Seven [70%] cases of intestinal obstruction due to ascariasis underwent surgical intervention like external milking of the obstructing bolus of worms from the ileum into colon in 03 patients, intestinal resection and end to end anastomosis in 01 case and enterotomy and manual extraction of worms in 03 subjects accordingly. Conclusions: Hydatid disease and Ascaris lumbricoides may cause fatal complications and surgical intervention has been the valuable option.
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Introduction and Objective : The aim of this study was to assess the cytological changes in oral epithelium that might be induced by Sudanese homemade alcoholic beverages. Material and methods: Oral Exfoliative Cytology (OEFC) was applied to a case control study to assess the presence and severity of oral epithelial atypia (ET) in 300 subjects (150 alcohol abuse individuals (cases); 150 non-alcohol abuse individuals (controls)). All cases were using homemade alcoholic drinks, locally known as, Aragee, Marisa and others. Five patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs) were included as internal controls. Results: ET was detected in 7 subjects and was not observed in the remaining 293. All the 7 subjects with cytological atypia were cases. Cytological atypia were identified among those using Aragee, Marisa, and Aragee & Marisa together, representing 53%, 28.6%, 18%.4, respectively. Cytological atypia was found in all the 5 control cases with OSCCs. For the cytological atypia among alcohol abuse individuals, the adjusted OR and the 95% CI were found to be 5 (4.34-5.84) and P = 0.008. Inflammatory cells infiltrates were identified among 21 (14%) of the cases and only 12 (8%) of the controls and the adjusted OR and the 95% CI were found to be 5 (2.51-11.21) and P = 0.009. Conclusion: In view of these findings, Sudanese homemade alcoholic beverages cause oral epithelial atypical changes, which lead to oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. OEFC is a useful procedure for detection and assessment of oral ET.
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To determine the correlation between fetal biometry and ultrasonographic appearance and measurement of epiphyseal ossification centres of fetal peripheral long bones for assessment of gestation age in the third trimester. Descriptive, observational study. This study was carried out at Department of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences/Civil Hospital Karachi, from February, 2009 - July 2009. 200 pregnant females were examined having gestational age of 28 or more weeks. Obstetrical ultrasound was done using 3.5 MHz convex transducer on Toshiba ultrasound scanner model Nemio-17. Measurement of Biparietal Diameter, [BPD], femur Length [FL] and abdominal Circumference [AC], placental localization and assessment of liquor was done as per standard protocol. The distal femoral, proximal tibial and proximal humeral ossification centers were identified and measured. Appearance and size of distal femoral, proximal tibial and the proximal humeral epiphyseal ossification centers in correlation with fetal biometry is helpful in accurate assessment of gestational age in the third trimester. Ultrasonographic visualization of the epiphyses ossification centers in correlation with fetal biometry is a useful marker of fetal gestational age in the third trimester
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To observe the frequently used parameters of fetal biometry along with ultrasonographic appearance and measurement of epiphyseal ossification centres of fetal peripheral long bones in our local population for assessment of gestation age in the third trimesster. Descriptive, Observational study. This study was carried out at Department of Radiology, dow University of Health Sciences/ Civil Hospital Karachi from February 2009 to July 2009. 200 pregnant females were examined having gestational age of 28 or more weeks. Obstetrical ultrasound was done using 3.5 MHz convex transducer on Toshiba ultrasound scanner model Nemio-17. Measurement of Biparietal Diameter, [BPD], femur Length [FL] and abdominal Circumference [AC], placental localization and assessment of liquor was done as per standard protocol. The distal femoral, proximal tibial and proximal humeral ossification centers were identified and measured. The frequently used parameters of fetal biometry along with ultrasonographic appearance and measurement of epiphyseal ossification centres of fetal peripheral long bones for assessment of gestation age in the third trimester in our local population are in agreement with international studies. Ultrasonographic visualization of the epiphyses ossification centers in correlation with fetal biometry is a useful marker of fetal gestational age in third trimester